LIVERPOOL, England—Liverpool’s first English championship for nearly three decades was in its grasp for all of two minutes. Every improbable condition was falling into place. Needing one more reversal on the final day of a charmed Premier League season, Liverpool led Wolves in front of a crowd that was getting used to miracles. And its direct rival, Manchester City, was losing away at Brighton. The Liverpool supporters had cheered news on their phones of Brighton’s opener, 215 miles away, louder than their own. …